Encountering the widely acknowledged “cannabis-induced cravings,” marked by a strong longing for salty, sweet, or fatty foods after using marijuana? The compelling force behind these cravings is none other than tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, the active component found in cannabis.
In this examination, we’ll delve into the scientific aspects that clarify why THC prompts such potent food cravings and scrutinize the intricate connection between marijuana, the brain, and appetite.
THC and the Brain
THC is the magic ingredient responsible for the euphoric “high” associated with cannabis use. When THC enters the brain, it interacts with different regions, stimulating feelings of euphoria and, notably, influencing the appetite-regulating areas. Neuroscience authority Gary Wenk elucidates that, upon reaching the brain region governing appetite, THC serves as a catalyst, prompting individuals to consume food. Studies have revealed insights into the intricate mechanisms of THC within the endocannabinoid system—an intricate brain network overseeing feeding behavior and energy balance. Ginger Hultin, a registered dietitian, notes that THC taps into primitive brain areas controlling emotions and appetite. THC interacts with receptors related to emotions, pain, smell, and taste, and it can even promote the release of ghrelin, a hunger-stimulating hormone.
Scientific Mechanisms
The scientific mechanisms behind marijuana-induced munchies are multifaceted. One study suggests that THC enhances sensitivity to smell by binding to receptors in the olfactory bulb, intensifying the aroma of food and triggering increased eating. Additionally, neurons that typically signal satiety can be overridden by THC, leading to more eating. Janice Newell Bissex, a registered dietitian, highlights that THC’s ability to increase dopamine release enhances the pleasure of eating and lowers inhibitions, contributing to unhealthy food choices.
Weight Risk and the Obese Connection
The impact of marijuana on appetite is amplified in individuals with excess weight. Wenk explains that obese individuals experience a heightened response in their dopamine system when exposed to tempting foods, making them more susceptible to intense munchie cravings. Hultin, based in Washington where marijuana is legalized, observes how the drug spikes appetite for unhealthy foods, leading to weight struggles for some individuals. Consuming marijuana through edibles presents a unique challenge. Sugary edibles not only add to calorie intake and the possibility of weight gain but also induce variations in blood sugar levels, intensifying cravings. Hultin cautions that treats such as candies, cookies, and brownies may present additional challenges to appetite and weight control.
Cannabis as a Weight Management Tool?
The pharmaceutical sector has recognized the impact of cannabis on appetite, resulting in the creation of medications such as rimonabant. Nevertheless, Wenk narrates the tale of a drug that initially exhibited potential in suppressing the munchies but was eventually withdrawn due to severe side effects, underscoring the need for a careful equilibrium when modulating the endocannabinoid system.
THCV: A Potential Solution?
In the quest to mitigate the munchies, researchers are exploring strains of marijuana high in tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV). Found in some strains in Colorado, THCV acts as an antagonist to the endocannabinoid receptor responsible for promoting eating. However, caution is urged as high THCV levels may lead to depressive effects similar to the withdrawn drug rimonabant. While marijuana’s appetite-stimulating effects may be undesirable for some, they can be therapeutic for individuals with illnesses that dull appetite. Bissex, now a holistic cannabis practitioner, shares her father’s positive experience with marijuana, which provided relief from chronic pain and increased appetite. Hultin, a former oncology dietitian, witnessed marijuana’s positive impact on cancer patients struggling to eat.
Closing Thoughts
Whether one engages in cannabis consumption or not, its impact on appetite control can be viewed as a mechanism by which the brain ensures survival. As Wenk concisely states, the brain’s fundamental objectives revolve around the survival of its owner and procreation, both demanding sufficient nourishment. For individuals mindful of potential weight gain, Bissex suggests keeping a supply of nutritious snacks on hand to satiate the munchies without compromising overall well-being.